Matthew: Summary of All 28 Chapters of the Gospel (Plus Key Verses!)


Written by Joshua Schachterle, Ph.D

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Author |  Professor | BE Contributor

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Date written: July 10th, 2024

Date written: July 10th, 2024


Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in this article belong to the author and do not necessarily match my own. - Dr. Bart D. Ehrman

The Gospel of Matthew, a cornerstone of Christian Scripture, depicts the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth. In addition, it displays a deeply rooted Jewish identity. This cultural and theological backdrop not only informs its content but underscores Matthew's intended audience — likely a Jewish-Christian community navigating their faith amidst broader societal and religious changes.

In this article, I’ll give some brief information about Matthew’s date of composition and thematic content, then jump into a summary of the book, chapter by chapter.

Meanwhile, here’s a brief preview of the key events in the Gospel of Matthew:

  • A genealogy of Jesus, tracing his lineage back to David and the Jewish patriarchs.
  • Jesus is born in Bethlehem.
  • He is baptized by John the Baptist.
  • Jesus’ ministry in Galilee, including the Sermon on the Mount and many miracles.
  • He is crucified by Pontius Pilate in Jerusalem.
  • He is buried and then raised from the dead.
Matthew

When, Where, and Why Was Matthew Written?

Although people have long called this biographical portrait of Jesus the Gospel of Matthew, that title was not original to the book. In fact, like all the canonical Gospels, it was written anonymously with no title. Scribes eventually added the current title decades after the original text was written.

Walter Wilson, in his commentary on Matthew, suggests the author did not think of his writing as the work of an individual but rather as a reflection of his Jesus-following community. With that in mind, Matthew’s intended audience was almost certainly members of his own Jewish-Christian community.

In the Jewish Annotated New Testament, Aaron Gale  says the book of Matthew was written between 80 and 90 CE, probably in Antioch, Syria, about six decades after Jesus’ death. (Affiliate Disclaimer: We may earn commissions on products you purchase through this page at no additional cost to you. Thank you for supporting our site!) How do they know this? First, the text refers multiple times to the destruction of the temple in Jerusalem (22:7, 21:41, 22:4, 23:38). This happened in 70 CE, so Matthew was written after that date.

Additionally, Bart Ehrman notes that Matthew’s author used the Gospel of Mark as one of his main sources. Mark was written around 70 CE, so Matthew had to be written later than that.

Finally, our earliest written reference to the Gospel of Matthew after the writing of the New Testament is in letters dated around 110 CE from a bishop of Antioch named Ignatius. The book of Matthew must have been written before that date.

What is the book of Matthew about? In terms of content, it is the most Jewish of the four canonical Gospels in several ways. First, the genealogy of Jesus mentioned at the beginning of the Gospel connects him directly to the Jewish patriarchs Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, as well as David, Israel’s greatest king.

Second, in addition to numerous references to the Hebrew Bible in the text, Matthew’s Jesus insists on the importance of Torah observance. All of this points to a Jewish author for Matthew.

What is the meaning of Matthew? The author’s main emphases include Torah observance, faithfulness to Jesus despite persecution, the impending appearance of the kingdom of heaven, group harmony, and the last judgment.

Below is a chart summarizing the entire Gospel of Matthew. To learn more about Matthew, consider Bart Ehrman’s new course  “The Genius of the Gospel Of Matthew - What Scholars Say About the First Gospel.”

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Chapter

Contents

Theme

Key Verse

1

Genealogy and Birth of Jesus.

Jesus’ background shows he is the Messiah.

1:1
An account of the genealogy of Jesus the Messiah, the son of David, the son of Abraham.

2

Infancy stories of Jesus.

Jesus’ birth, the Magi, Massacre of Innocents.

2:23
There [Joseph] made his home in a town called Nazareth, so that what had been spoken through the prophets might be fulfilled, “He will be called a Nazarene.”

3

John the Baptist baptizes Jesus.

Jesus’ ministry divinely authorized at his baptism.

3:17
And a voice from the heavens said, “This is my Son, the Beloved, with whom I am well pleased.”

4

Jesus is tested and begins his ministry.

Jesus’ preaching and healing validate his ministry.

4:24
So his fame spread throughout all Syria, and they brought to him all the sick, those who were afflicted with various diseases and pains, people possessed by demons or having epilepsy or afflicted with paralysis, and he cured them.

5

Jesus begins the Sermon on the Mount.

Jesus is the righteous teacher of Torah.

5:17
“Do not think that I have come to abolish the Law or the Prophets; I have come not to abolish but to fulfill. “

6

Sermon on the Mount continued.

Teachings on prayer, fasting, and not worrying.

6:34
“So do not worry about tomorrow, for tomorrow will bring worries of its own. Today’s trouble is enough for today.”

7

Sermon on the Mount continued.

Teachings on judging, Golden Rule, Narrow Gate.

7:21
“Not everyone who says to me, ‘Lord, Lord,’ will enter the kingdom of heaven, but only the one who does the will of my Father in heaven.”

8

Jesus heals people and stills a storm.

Jesus’ messiahship validated through miracles.

8:16-17
That evening they brought to him many who were possessed by demons, and he cast out the spirits with a word and cured all who were sick. This was to fulfill what had been spoken through the prophet Isaiah, “He took our infirmities and bore our diseases.”

9

Jesus heals many and brings a dead girl back to life.

Jesus shows his divine power through healings.

9:6-7
But so that you may know that the Son of Man has authority on earth to forgive sins”— he then said to the paralytic —“Stand up, take your bed, and go to your home.” And he stood up and went to his home.

10

Apostles’ mission and Jesus’ warnings.

Jesus sends disciples to proclaim the gospel.

10:16
“I am sending you out like sheep into the midst of wolves, so be wise as serpents and innocent as doves.”

11

Praise of John the Baptist, woe to unrepentant cities.

Jesus affirms he is the Messiah.

11:4-5
Jesus answered them, “Go and tell John what you hear and see: the blind receive their sight, the lame walk, those with a skin disease are cleansed, the deaf hear, the dead are raised, and the poor have good news brought to them.”

12

Jesus addresses the Sabbath and Pharisaic accusations.

Jesus on what is lawful on Sabbath.

12:7-8
“But if you had known what this means, ‘I desire mercy and not sacrifice,’ you would not have condemned the guiltless. For the Son of Man is lord of the Sabbath.”

13

Jesus’ parables and rejection at Nazareth.

Jesus explains kingdom of heaven through parables.

13:10-11
Then the disciples came and asked him, “Why do you speak to them in parables?” He answered, “To you it has been given to know the secrets of the kingdom of heaven, but to them it has not been given.”

14

Death of John the Baptist, Jesus performs more miracles.

John the Baptist executed. Jesus feeds 5,000.

10:26-27
But when the disciples saw him walking on the sea, they were terrified, saying, “It is a ghost!” And they cried out in fear. But immediately Jesus spoke to them and said, “Take heart, it is I; do not be afraid.”

15

Debates with Pharisees, healings, feeding 4,000.

Jesus argues with Pharisees as Torah teacher.

15:10-11
“Listen and understand: it is not what goes into the mouth that defiles a person, but it is what comes out of the mouth that defiles.”

16

Jesus denounces Pharisees and Sadducees, foretells death.

Jesus demonstrates authority to other religious leaders.

16:21
From that time on, Jesus began to show his disciples that he must go to Jerusalem and undergo great suffering at the hands of the elders and chief priests and scribes and be killed and on the third day be raised.

17

Transfiguration, exorcism, and the Temple tax.

Jesus shows true identity to three disciples.

17:2-3
And he was transfigured before them, and his face shone like the sun, and his clothes became bright as light. Suddenly there appeared to them Moses and Elijah, talking with him.

18

Jesus speaks about temptation and forgiveness.

Jesus: those who tempt others will suffer.

18:21-22
Then Peter came and said to him, “Lord, if my brother or sister sins against me, how often should I forgive? As many as seven times?” Jesus said to him, “Not seven times, but I tell you, seventy-seven times.”

19

Teachings about divorce and the danger of riches.

Jesus forbids divorce, says wealthy can’t enter kingdom.

19:24
“Again I tell you, it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for someone who is rich to enter the kingdom of God.”

20

Parable of the laborers, a mother’s request.

Jesus: whoever would be greatest must serve.

20:26-27
“But whoever wishes to be great among you must be your servant, and whoever wishes to be first among you must be your slave,”

21

Triumphal entry, cleansing of the temple, parables.

Jesus lauded as a king entering Jerusalem.

21:10-11
“When he entered Jerusalem, the whole city was in turmoil, asking, “Who is this?” The crowds were saying, “This is the prophet Jesus from Nazareth in Galilee.”

22

Parable of wedding banquet, questions about taxes.

Jesus says all welcome in God’s kingdom.

22:9
‘Go therefore into the main streets, and invite everyone you find to the wedding banquet.’ 

23

Jesus denounces scribes and Pharisees.

Jesus criticizes the Pharisees for being hypocrites.

23:13
“But woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you lock people out of the kingdom of heaven. For you do not go in yourselves, and when others are going in you stop them.”

24

Predictions of persecution and destruction.

Jesus predicts the destruction of the temple.

24:9
“Then they will hand you over to be tortured and will put you to death, and you will be hated by all nations because of my name.”

25

Parables and Judgment Day.

Jesus: stay alert, God’s kingdom is coming.

25:34-35
‘Come, you who are blessed by my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world, for I was hungry and you gave me food, I was thirsty and you gave me something to drink, I was a stranger and you welcomed me, I was naked and you gave me clothing, I was sick and you took care of me, I was in prison and you visited me.’

26

Last Supper, Jesus’ arrest, Peter’s denial.

Jesus arrested, Peter denies knowing him.

26:26-28
“Jesus took a loaf of bread, and after blessing it he broke it, gave it to the disciples, and said, “Take, eat; this is my body.” Then he took a cup, and after giving thanks he gave it to them, saying, “Drink from it, all of you, for this is my blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many for the forgiveness of sins.”

27

Jesus is brought before Pilate.

Jesus is crucified and buried.

27:46
And about three o’clock Jesus cried with a loud voice, “Eli, Eli, lema sabachthani?” that is, “My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?”

28

Jesus is resurrected, appears to women and disciples.

Jesus’ tomb empty, he appears to disciples.

28:19-20
“Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit and teaching them to obey everything that I have commanded you.”

Gospel of Matthew

Conclusion

The Gospel of Matthew provides us with a particularly Jewish perspective on Jesus’ messiahship. In this book, Jesus is shown to be a unique interpreter of Torah, indicating that the author and his intended audience were Jewish Christians.

Scholars place the composition of Matthew between 80 and 90 CE, probably in the city of Antioch, Syria, because references to the destruction of Jerusalem's temple in 70 CE anchor its writing to a post-temple era. Moreover, meticulous study reveals Matthew’s reliance on the Gospel of Mark, a text dated to around 70 CE.

Central to Matthew’s thematic focus are correct Torah observance, steadfast faith in the face of persecution, the imminent arrival of the kingdom of heaven, communal agreement, and divine judgment.

If you’re interested in learning more about the Gospel of Matthew, consider purchasing Bart Ehrman’s course “The Genius of the Gospel Of Matthew - What Scholars Say About the First Gospel.”

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Josh Schachterle

About the author

After a long career teaching high school English, Joshua Schachterle completed his PhD in New Testament and Early Christianity in 2019. He is the author of "John Cassian and the Creation of Monastic Subjectivity." When not researching, Joshua enjoys reading, composing/playing music, and spending time with his wife and two college-aged children.

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